/*!
 * VisualEditor ContentEditable Surface class.
 *
 * @copyright 2011-2013 VisualEditor Team and others; see AUTHORS.txt
 * @license The MIT License (MIT); see LICENSE.txt
 */
/*global rangy */

/**
 * ContentEditable surface.
 *
 * @class
 * @extends ve.Element
 * @mixins ve.EventEmitter
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {jQuery} $container
 * @param {ve.dm.Surface} model Surface model to observe
 * @param {ve.ui.Surface} surface Surface user interface
 * @param {Object} [config] Config options
 */
ve.ce.Surface = function VeCeSurface( model, surface, options ) {
	// Parent constructor
	ve.Element.call( this, options );

	// Mixin constructors
	ve.EventEmitter.call( this );

	// Properties
	this.surface = surface;
	this.inIme = false;
	this.model = model;
	this.documentView = new ve.ce.Document( model.getDocument(), this );
	this.surfaceObserver = new ve.ce.SurfaceObserver( this.documentView );
	this.selectionTimeout = null;
	this.$document = $( this.getElementDocument() );
	this.clipboard = {};
	this.renderingEnabled = true;
	this.dragging = false;
	this.relocating = false;
	this.selecting = false;
	this.$phantoms = this.$$( '<div>' );
	this.$pasteTarget = this.$$( '<div>' );
	this.pasting = false;
	this.clickHistory = [];
	this.focusedNode = null;

	// Events
	this.surfaceObserver.connect(
		this, { 'contentChange': 'onContentChange', 'selectionChange': 'onSelectionChange' }
	);
	this.model.connect( this, { 'change': 'onChange', 'lock': 'onLock', 'unlock': 'onUnlock' } );
	this.documentView.getDocumentNode().$.on( {
		'focus': ve.bind( this.documentOnFocus, this ),
		'blur': ve.bind( this.documentOnBlur, this )
	} );
	this.$.on( {
		'cut': ve.bind( this.onCut, this ),
		'copy': ve.bind( this.onCopy, this ),
		'paste': ve.bind( this.onPaste, this ),
		'dragover': ve.bind( this.onDocumentDragOver, this ),
		'drop': ve.bind( this.onDocumentDrop, this )
	} );
	if ( $.browser.msie ) {
		this.$.on( 'beforepaste', ve.bind( this.onPaste, this ) );
	}

	// Initialization
	this.$.addClass( 've-ce-surface' );
	this.$phantoms.addClass( 've-ce-surface-phantoms' );
	this.$pasteTarget.addClass( 've-ce-surface-paste' ).prop( 'contenteditable', true );

	// Add elements to the DOM
	this.$.append( this.documentView.getDocumentNode().$, this.$pasteTarget );
	this.surface.$localOverlay.append( this.$phantoms );
};

/* Inheritance */

ve.inheritClass( ve.ce.Surface, ve.Element );

ve.mixinClass( ve.ce.Surface, ve.EventEmitter );

/* Events */

/**
 * @event selectionStart
 */

/**
 * @event selectionEnd
 */

/**
 * @event relocationStart
 */

/**
 * @event relocationEnd
 */

/* Static Properties */

/**
 * Pattern matching "normal" characters which we can let the browser handle natively.
 *
 * @static
 * @property {RegExp}
 */
ve.ce.Surface.static.textPattern = new RegExp(
	'[a-zA-Z\\-_’\'‘ÆÐƎƏƐƔIJŊŒẞÞǷȜæðǝəɛɣijŋœĸſßþƿȝĄƁÇĐƊĘĦĮƘŁØƠŞȘŢȚŦŲƯY̨Ƴąɓçđɗęħįƙłøơşșţțŧųưy̨ƴÁÀÂÄ' +
	'ǍĂĀÃÅǺĄÆǼǢƁĆĊĈČÇĎḌĐƊÐÉÈĖÊËĚĔĒĘẸƎƏƐĠĜǦĞĢƔáàâäǎăāãåǻąæǽǣɓćċĉčçďḍđɗðéèėêëěĕēęẹǝəɛġĝǧğģɣĤḤĦIÍÌİ' +
	'ÎÏǏĬĪĨĮỊIJĴĶƘĹĻŁĽĿʼNŃN̈ŇÑŅŊÓÒÔÖǑŎŌÕŐỌØǾƠŒĥḥħıíìiîïǐĭīĩįịijĵķƙĸĺļłľŀʼnńn̈ňñņŋóòôöǒŏōõőọøǿơœŔŘŖŚŜ' +
	'ŠŞȘṢẞŤŢṬŦÞÚÙÛÜǓŬŪŨŰŮŲỤƯẂẀŴẄǷÝỲŶŸȲỸƳŹŻŽẒŕřŗſśŝšşșṣßťţṭŧþúùûüǔŭūũűůųụưẃẁŵẅƿýỳŷÿȳỹƴźżžẓ]',
	'g'
);

/* Methods */

/**
 * Get the coordinates of the selection anchor.
 *
 * @method
 * @static
 * @param {HTMLDocument} domDocument Document of selection
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getSelectionRect = function () {
	var sel, rect, $span, lineHeight, startRange, startOffset, endRange, endOffset,
		domDocument = this.getElementDocument();

	if ( !rangy.initialized ) {
		rangy.init();
	}

	sel = rangy.getSelection( domDocument );

	// We can't do anything if there's no selection
	if ( sel.rangeCount === 0 ) {
		return null;
	}

	rect = sel.getBoundingDocumentRect();

	// Sometimes the selection will have invalid bounding rect information, which presents as all
	// rectangle dimensions being 0 which causes #getStartDocumentPos and #getEndDocumentPos to
	// throw exceptions
	if ( rect.top === 0 || rect.bottom === 0 || rect.left === 0 || rect.right === 0 ) {
		// Calculate starting range position
		startRange = sel.getRangeAt( 0 );
		$span = $( '<span>|</span>', startRange.startContainer.ownerDocument );
		startRange.insertNode( $span[0] );
		startOffset = $span.offset();
		$span.detach();

		// Calculate ending range position
		endRange = startRange.cloneRange();
		endRange.collapse( false );
		endRange.insertNode( $span[0] );
		endOffset = $span.offset();
		lineHeight = $span.height();
		$span.detach();

		// Restore the selection
		startRange.refresh();

		// Return the selection bounding rectangle
		return {
			'start': {
				'x': startOffset.left,
				'y': startOffset.top
			},
			'end': {
				'x': endOffset.left,
				// Adjust the vertical position by the line-height to get the bottom dimension
				'y': endOffset.top + lineHeight
			}
		};
	} else {
		return {
			'start': sel.getStartDocumentPos(),
			'end': sel.getEndDocumentPos()
		};
	}
};

/*! Initialization */

/**
 * Initialize surface.
 *
 * This should be called after the surface has been attached to the DOM.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.initialize = function () {
	if ( !rangy.initialized ) {
		rangy.init();
	}
	this.documentView.getDocumentNode().setLive( true );
	// Turn off native object editing. This must be tried after the surface has been added to DOM.
	try {
		this.$document[0].execCommand( 'enableObjectResizing', false, false );
		this.$document[0].execCommand( 'enableInlineTableEditing', false, false );
	} catch ( e ) { /* Silently ignore */ }
};

/**
 * Enable editing.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.enable = function () {
	this.documentView.getDocumentNode().enable();
};

/**
 * Disable editing.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.disable = function () {
	this.documentView.getDocumentNode().disable();
};

/**
 * Destroy the surface, removing all DOM elements.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {ve.ui.Context} Context user interface
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.destroy = function () {
	this.documentView.getDocumentNode().setLive( false );
	this.$.remove();
	this.$phantoms.remove();
};

/*! Native Browser Events */

/**
 * Handle document focus events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Focus event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.documentOnFocus = function () {
	this.$document.off( '.ve-ce-Surface' );
	this.$document.on( {
		'keydown.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentKeyDown, this ),
		'keyup.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentKeyUp, this ),
		'keypress.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentKeyPress, this ),
		'mousedown.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentMouseDown, this ),
		'mouseup.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentMouseUp, this ),
		'mousemove.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentMouseMove, this ),
		'compositionstart.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentCompositionStart, this ),
		'compositionend.ve-ce-Surface': ve.bind( this.onDocumentCompositionEnd, this )
	} );
	this.surfaceObserver.start( true );
};

/**
 * Handle document blur events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Element blur event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.documentOnBlur = function () {
	this.$document.off( '.ve-ce-Surface' );
	this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
	this.dragging = false;
};

/**
 * Handle document mouse down events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Mouse down event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentMouseDown = function ( e ) {
	// Remember the mouse is down
	this.dragging = true;

	// Old code to figure out if user clicked inside the document or not - leave it here for now
	// this.$$( e.target ).closest( '.ve-ce-documentNode' ).length === 0

	if ( e.which === 1 ) {
		this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
	}

	// Block / prevent triple click
	if ( this.getClickCount( e.originalEvent ) > 2 ) {
		e.preventDefault();
	}
};

/**
 * Handle document mouse up events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Mouse up event
 * @emits selectionEnd
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentMouseUp = function ( e ) {
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
	if ( !e.shiftKey && this.selecting ) {
		this.emit( 'selectionEnd' );
		this.selecting = false;
	}
	this.dragging = false;
};

/**
 * Handle document mouse move events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Mouse move event
 * @emits selectionStart
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentMouseMove = function () {
	// Detect beginning of selection by moving mouse while dragging
	if ( this.dragging && !this.selecting ) {
		this.selecting = true;
		this.emit( 'selectionStart' );
	}
};

/**
 * Handle document dragover events.
 *
 * Limits native drag and drop behavior.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Drag over event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentDragOver = function () {
	if ( !this.relocating ) {
		return false;
	} else if ( this.selecting ) {
		this.emit( 'selectionEnd' );
		this.selecting = false;
		this.dragging = false;
	}
};

/**
 * Handle document drop events.
 *
 * Limits native drag and drop behavior.
 *
 * TODO: Look into using drag and drop data transfer to embed the dragged element's original range
 * (for dragging within one document) and serialized linear model data (for dragging between
 * multiple documents) and use a special mimetype, like application-x/VisualEditor, to allow
 * dragover and drop events on the surface, removing the need to give the surface explicit
 * instructions to allow and prevent dragging and dropping a certain node.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Drag drop event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentDrop = function ( e ) {
	var node = this.relocating;

	if ( node ) {
		// Process drop operation after native drop has been prevented below
		setTimeout( ve.bind( function () {
			var dropPoint, nodeData, originFragment, targetFragment,
				nodeRange = node.getModel().getOuterRange();

			// Get a fragment from the drop point
			dropPoint = rangy.positionFromPoint( e.originalEvent.pageX, e.originalEvent.pageY );
			if ( !dropPoint ) {
				// Getting position from point supported
				return false;
			}
			targetFragment = this.model.getFragment(
				new ve.Range( ve.ce.getOffset( dropPoint.node, dropPoint.offset ) ), false
			);

			// Get a fragment and data of the node being dragged
			originFragment = this.model.getFragment( nodeRange, false );
			nodeData = originFragment.getData();

			// Remove node from old location (auto-updates targetFragment's range)
			originFragment.removeContent();

			// Re-insert node at new location and re-select it
			targetFragment.insertContent( nodeData ).select();
		}, this ) );
	}

	return false;
};

/**
 * Handle document key down events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Key down event
 * @emits selectionStart
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentKeyDown = function ( e ) {
	var trigger;

	// Ignore keydowns while in IME mode but do not preventDefault them.
	if ( this.inIme === true ) {
		return;
	}

	// IME
	if ( $.browser.msie === true && e.which === 229 ) {
		this.inIme = true;
		this.handleInsertion();
		return;
	}

	if ( ve.ce.isArrowKey( e.keyCode ) ) {
		// Detect start of selecting using shift+arrow keys.
		if ( !this.dragging && !this.selecting && e.shiftKey ) {
			this.selecting = true;
			this.emit( 'selectionStart' );
		}
		if ( ve.ce.isLeftOrRightArrowKey( e.keyCode ) ) {
			this.handleLeftOrRightArrowKey( e );
		} else {
			this.handleUpOrDownArrowKey( e );
		}
	} else if ( e.keyCode === ve.Keys.ENTER ) {
		e.preventDefault();
		this.handleEnter( e );
	} else if ( e.keyCode === ve.Keys.BACKSPACE ) {
		this.handleDelete( e, true );
		this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	} else if ( e.keyCode === ve.Keys.DELETE ) {
		this.handleDelete( e, false );
		this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	} else {
		// Execute key command if available
		this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
		trigger = new ve.ui.Trigger( e );
		if ( trigger.isComplete() && this.surface.execute( trigger ) ) {
			e.preventDefault();
		}
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	}
};

/**
 * Handle document key press events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Key press event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentKeyPress = function ( e ) {
	var selection, prevNode, documentModel = this.model.getDocument();

	// Prevent IE from editing Aliens/Entities
	if ( $.browser.msie === true ) {
		selection = this.model.getSelection();
		if ( selection.start !== 0 && selection.isCollapsed() ) {
			prevNode = documentModel.getDocumentNode().getNodeFromOffset( selection.start - 1 );
			if (
				!this.documentView.getSlugAtOffset( selection.start ) &&
				prevNode.isContent() &&
				documentModel.data.isCloseElementData( selection.start - 1 )
			) {
				this.model.change( null, new ve.Range( selection.start ) );
			}
		}
	}

	// FF fires keypress for bunch of function keys that we want to ignore
	if ( ve.ce.isArrowKey( e.keyCode ) ||
		ve.ce.isShortcutKey( e ) ||
		e.keyCode === 13 ||
		e.which === ve.Keys.UNDEFINED ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.BACKSPACE ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.END ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.ENTER ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.HOME ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.TAB ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.PAGEDOWN ||
		e.keyCode === ve.Keys.PAGEUP ) {
		return;
	}
	this.handleInsertion();
	setTimeout( ve.bind( function () {
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	}, this ) );
};

/**
 * Handle document key up events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Key up event
 * @emits selectionEnd
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentKeyUp = function ( e ) {
	// Detect end of selecting by letting go of shift
	if ( !this.dragging && this.selecting && e.keyCode === 16 ) {
		this.selecting = false;
		this.emit( 'selectionEnd' );
	}
};

/**
 * Handle cut events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Cut event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onCut = function ( e ) {
	this.surfaceObserver.stop();
	this.onCopy( e );
	setTimeout( ve.bind( function () {
		var selection, tx;

		// We don't like how browsers cut, so let's undo it and do it ourselves.
		this.$document[0].execCommand( 'undo', false, false );
		selection = this.model.getSelection();

		// Transact
		tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( this.documentView.model, selection );

		this.model.change( tx, new ve.Range( selection.start ) );
		this.surfaceObserver.clear();
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	}, this ) );
};

/**
 * Handle copy events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Copy event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onCopy = function () {
	var sel = rangy.getSelection( this.$document[0] ),
		$frag = this.$$( sel.getRangeAt(0).cloneContents() ),
		slice = this.documentView.model.getSlice( this.model.getSelection() ),
		key = '';

	// Create key from text and element names
	$frag.contents().each( function () {
		key += this.textContent || this.nodeName;
	} );
	key = 've-' + key.replace( /\s/gm, '' );

	// Set clipboard
	this.clipboard[key] = slice;
};

/**
 * Handle paste events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Paste event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onPaste = function () {
	// Prevent pasting until after we are done
	if ( this.pasting ) {
		return false;
	}
	this.pasting = true;

	var tx, scrollTop,
		$window = $( ve.Element.static.getWindow( this.$$.context ) ),
		view = this,
		selection = this.model.getSelection();

	this.surfaceObserver.stop();

	// Pasting into a range? Remove first.
	if ( !rangy.getSelection( this.$document[0] ).isCollapsed ) {
		tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( view.documentView.model, selection );
		selection = tx.translateRange( selection );
		view.model.change( tx );
	}

	// Save scroll position and change focus to "offscreen" paste target
	scrollTop = $window.scrollTop();
	this.$pasteTarget.html( '' ).show().focus();

	setTimeout( function () {
		var pasteText, pasteData, tx,
			key = '';

		// Create key from text and element names
		view.$pasteTarget.hide().contents().each( function () {
			key += this.textContent || this.nodeName;
		} );
		key = 've-' + key.replace( /\s/gm, '' );

		// Get linear model from clipboard or create array from unknown pasted content
		if ( view.clipboard[key] ) {
			pasteData = view.clipboard[key];
		} else {
			pasteText = view.$pasteTarget.text().replace( /\n/gm, '');
			pasteData = new ve.dm.DocumentSlice( ve.splitCharacters( pasteText ) );
		}

		// Transact
		try {
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
				view.documentView.model,
				selection.start,
				pasteData.getData()
			);
		} catch ( e ) {
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
				view.documentView.model,
				selection.start,
				pasteData.getBalancedData()
			);
		}

		// Restore focus and scroll position
		view.documentView.documentNode.$.focus();
		$window.scrollTop( scrollTop );

		selection = tx.translateRange( selection );
		view.model.change( tx, new ve.Range( selection.start ) );
		// Move cursor to end of selection
		view.model.change( null, new ve.Range( selection.end ) );

		// Allow pasting again
		view.pasting = false;
	} );
};

/**
 * Handle document composition start events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Composition start event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentCompositionStart = function () {
	if ( $.browser.msie === true ) {
		return;
	}
	this.inIme = true;
	this.handleInsertion();
};

/**
 * Handle document composition end events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Composition end event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onDocumentCompositionEnd = function () {
	this.inIme = false;
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
};

/*! Custom Events */

/**
 * Handle change events.
 *
 * @see ve.dm.Surface#method-change
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.dm.Transaction|null} transaction
 * @param {ve.Range|undefined} selection
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onChange = function ( transaction, selection ) {
	var start, end,
		next = null,
		previous = this.focusedNode;

	if ( selection ) {
		if ( this.isRenderingEnabled() ) {
			this.showSelection( selection );
		}
		// Detect when only a single inline element is selected
		if ( !selection.isCollapsed() ) {
			start = this.documentView.getDocumentNode().getNodeFromOffset( selection.start + 1 );
			if ( ve.isMixedIn( start, ve.ce.FocusableNode ) ) {
				end = this.documentView.getDocumentNode().getNodeFromOffset( selection.end - 1 );
				if ( start === end ) {
					next = start;
				}
			}
		}
		// Update nodes if something changed
		if ( previous !== next ) {
			if ( previous ) {
				previous.setFocused( false );
				this.focusedNode = null;
			}
			if ( next ) {
				next.setFocused( true );
				this.focusedNode = start;
			}
		}
	}
};

/**
 * Handle selection change events.
 *
 * @see ve.ce.SurfaceObserver#poll
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.Range} oldRange
 * @param {ve.Range} newRange
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onSelectionChange = function ( oldRange, newRange ) {
	if ( oldRange && newRange.flip().equals( oldRange ) ) {
		// Ignore when the newRange is just a flipped oldRange
		return;
	}
	this.disableRendering();
	this.model.change( null, newRange );
	this.enableRendering();
};

/**
 * Handle content change events.
 *
 * @see ve.ce.SurfaceObserver#poll
 *
 * @method
 * @param {HTMLElement} node DOM node the change occured in
 * @param {Object} previous Old data
 * @param {Object} previous.text Old plain text content
 * @param {Object} previous.hash Old DOM hash
 * @param {ve.Range} previous.range Old selection
 * @param {Object} next New data
 * @param {Object} next.text New plain text content
 * @param {Object} next.hash New DOM hash
 * @param {ve.Range} next.range New selection
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onContentChange = function ( node, previous, next ) {
	var data, range, len, annotations, offsetDiff, lengthDiff, sameLeadingAndTrailing,
		previousStart, nextStart, newRange,
		fromLeft = 0,
		fromRight = 0,
		nodeOffset = node.getModel().getOffset();

	if ( previous.range && next.range ) {
		offsetDiff = ( previous.range.isCollapsed() && next.range.isCollapsed() ) ?
			next.range.start - previous.range.start : null;
		lengthDiff = next.text.length - previous.text.length;
		previousStart = previous.range.start - nodeOffset - 1;
		nextStart = next.range.start - nodeOffset - 1;
		sameLeadingAndTrailing = offsetDiff !== null && (
			// TODO: rewrite to static method with tests
			(
				lengthDiff > 0 &&
				previous.text.substring( 0, previousStart ) ===
					next.text.substring( 0, previousStart ) &&
				previous.text.substring( previousStart ) ===
					next.text.substring( nextStart )
			) ||
			(
				lengthDiff < 0 &&
				previous.text.substring( 0, nextStart ) ===
					next.text.substring( 0, nextStart ) &&
				previous.text.substring( previousStart - lengthDiff + offsetDiff) ===
					next.text.substring( nextStart )
			)
		);

		// Simple insertion
		if ( lengthDiff > 0 && offsetDiff === lengthDiff /* && sameLeadingAndTrailing */) {
			data = ve.splitCharacters( next.text.substring(
				previous.range.start - nodeOffset - 1,
				next.range.start - nodeOffset - 1
			) );
			// Apply insertion annotations
			annotations = this.model.getInsertionAnnotations();
			if ( annotations instanceof ve.dm.AnnotationSet ) {
				ve.dm.Document.addAnnotationsToData( data, this.model.getInsertionAnnotations() );
			}
			this.disableRendering();
			this.model.change(
				ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
					this.documentView.model, previous.range.start, data
				),
				next.range
			);
			this.enableRendering();
			return;
		}

		// Simple deletion
		if ( ( offsetDiff === 0 || offsetDiff === lengthDiff ) && sameLeadingAndTrailing ) {
			if ( offsetDiff === 0 ) {
				range = new ve.Range( next.range.start, next.range.start - lengthDiff );
			} else {
				range = new ve.Range( next.range.start, previous.range.start );
			}
			this.disableRendering();
			this.model.change(
				ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( this.documentView.model, range ),
				next.range
			);
			this.enableRendering();
			return;
		}
	}

	// Complex change

	len = Math.min( previous.text.length, next.text.length );
	// Count same characters from left
	while ( fromLeft < len && previous.text[fromLeft] === next.text[fromLeft] ) {
		++fromLeft;
	}
	// Count same characters from right
	while (
		fromRight < len - fromLeft &&
		previous.text[previous.text.length - 1 - fromRight] ===
		next.text[next.text.length - 1 - fromRight]
	) {
		++fromRight;
	}
	data = ve.splitCharacters( next.text.substring( fromLeft, next.text.length - fromRight ) );
	// Get annotations to the left of new content and apply
	annotations =
		this.model.getDocument().data.getAnnotationsFromOffset( nodeOffset + 1 + fromLeft );
	if ( annotations.getLength() ) {
		ve.dm.Document.addAnnotationsToData( data, annotations );
	}
	newRange = next.range;
	if ( newRange.isCollapsed() ) {
		newRange = new ve.Range( this.getNearestCorrectOffset( newRange.start, 1 ) );
	}
	if ( data.length > 0 ) {
		this.model.change(
			ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
				this.documentView.model, nodeOffset + 1 + fromLeft, data
			),
			newRange
		);
	}
	if ( fromLeft + fromRight < previous.text.length ) {
		this.model.change(
			ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval(
				this.documentView.model,
				new ve.Range(
					data.length + nodeOffset + 1 + fromLeft,
					data.length + nodeOffset + 1 + previous.text.length - fromRight
				)
			),
			newRange
		);
	}
};

/**
 * Handle surface lock events.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onLock = function () {
	this.surfaceObserver.stop();
};

/**
 * Handle surface unlock events.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.onUnlock = function () {
	this.surfaceObserver.clear( this.model.getSelection() );
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
};

/*! Relocation */

/**
 * Start a relocation action.
 *
 * @see ve.ce.RelocatableNode
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.ce.Node} node Node being relocated
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.startRelocation = function ( node ) {
	this.relocating = node;
	this.emit( 'relocationStart', node );
};

/**
 * Complete a relocation action.
 *
 * @see ve.ce.RelocatableNode
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.ce.Node} node Node being relocated
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.endRelocation = function () {
	this.emit( 'relocationEnd', this.relocating );
	this.relocating = null;
};

/*! Utilities */

/**
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.handleLeftOrRightArrowKey = function ( e ) {
	var selection, offset, range, offsetDelta, toNode, selectedNodes, i;
	// On Mac OS pressing Command (metaKey) + Left/Right is same as pressing Home/End.
	// As we are not able to handle it programmatically (because we don't know at which offsets
	// lines starts and ends) let it happen natively.
	if ( e.metaKey ) {
		return;
	}

	// Selection is going to be displayed programmatically so prevent default browser behaviour
	e.preventDefault();
	// Stop with final poll cycle so we have correct information in model
	this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
	selection = this.model.getSelection();
	if ( this.$$( e.target ).css( 'direction' ) === 'rtl' ) {
		// If the language direction is RTL, switch left/right directions:
		offsetDelta = e.keyCode === ve.Keys.LEFT ? 1 : -1;
	} else {
		offsetDelta = e.keyCode === ve.Keys.LEFT ? -1 : 1;
	}

	// Check for selecting/deselecting inline images and aliens
	if ( selection.isCollapsed() ) {
		toNode = this.documentView.documentNode.getNodeFromOffset( selection.to + offsetDelta );
		// TODO: Develop better method to test for generated content
		if ( toNode.model.constructor.static.generatedContent === true ) {
			range = new ve.Range(
				selection.to,
				selection.to + toNode.getOuterLength() * offsetDelta
			);
		}
	} else if ( !e.shiftKey ) {
		selectedNodes = this.model.documentModel.selectNodes( selection );
		for ( i = 0; i < Math.min( selectedNodes.length, 2 ); i++ ) {
			if (
				// TODO: Develop better method to test for generated content
				selectedNodes[i].node.constructor.static.generatedContent === true &&
				selectedNodes[i].nodeOuterRange.equals( selection ) ||
				selectedNodes[i].nodeOuterRange.equals( selection.flip() )
			) {
				range = new ve.Range( offsetDelta === 1 ? selection.end : selection.start );
			}
		}
	}

	// Normal cursor movement
	if ( range === undefined ) {
		offset = this.getDocument().getRelativeOffset(
			selection.to,
			offsetDelta,
			e.altKey === true || e.ctrlKey === true ? 'word' : 'character' // unit
		);
		if ( e.shiftKey === true ) { // expanded range
			range = new ve.Range( selection.from, offset );
		} else { // collapsed range (just a cursor)
			range = new ve.Range( offset );
		}
	}
	this.model.change( null, range );
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
};

/**
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.handleUpOrDownArrowKey = function ( e ) {
	var selection, rangySelection, rangyRange, range, $element;
	if ( !$.browser.msie ) {
		return;
	}
	this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
	selection = this.model.getSelection();
	rangySelection = rangy.getSelection( this.$document[0] );
	// Perform programatic handling only for selection that is expanded and backwards according to
	// model data but not according to browser data.
	if ( !selection.isCollapsed() && selection.isBackwards() && !rangySelection.isBackwards() ) {
		$element = this.documentView.getSlugAtOffset( selection.to );
		if ( !$element ) {
			$element = this.$$( '<span>' )
				.html( ' ' )
				.css( { 'width' : '0px', 'display' : 'none' } );
			rangySelection.anchorNode.splitText( rangySelection.anchorOffset );
			rangySelection.anchorNode.parentNode.insertBefore(
				$element[0],
				rangySelection.anchorNode.nextSibling
			);
		}
		rangyRange = rangy.createRange( this.$document[0] );
		rangyRange.selectNode( $element[0] );
		rangySelection.setSingleRange( rangyRange );
		setTimeout( ve.bind( function () {
			if ( !$element.hasClass( 've-ce-branchNode-slug' ) ) {
				$element.remove();
			}
			this.surfaceObserver.start();
			this.surfaceObserver.stop( false );
			if ( e.shiftKey === true ) { // expanded range
				range = new ve.Range( selection.from, this.model.getSelection().to );
			} else { // collapsed range (just a cursor)
				range = new ve.Range( this.model.getSelection().to );
			}
			this.model.change( null, range );
			this.surfaceObserver.start();
		}, this ), 0 );
	} else {
		this.surfaceObserver.start();
	}
};

/**
 * Handle insertion of content.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.handleInsertion = function () {
	var slug, data, range, annotations, insertionAnnotations, placeholder,
		selection = this.model.getSelection(), documentModel = this.model.getDocument();

	// Handles removing expanded selection before inserting new text
	if ( !selection.isCollapsed() ) {
		// Pull annotations from the first character in the selection
		annotations = documentModel.data.getAnnotationsFromRange(
			new ve.Range( selection.start, selection.start + 1 )
		);
		this.model.change(
			ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( this.documentView.model, selection ),
			new ve.Range( selection.start )
		);
		this.surfaceObserver.clear();
		selection = this.model.getSelection();
		this.model.setInsertionAnnotations( annotations );
	}

	insertionAnnotations = this.model.getInsertionAnnotations() ||
		new ve.dm.AnnotationSet( documentModel.getStore() );

	if ( selection.isCollapsed() ) {
		slug = this.documentView.getSlugAtOffset( selection.start );
		// Is this a slug or are the annotations incorrect?
		if ( slug || !this.areAnnotationsCorrect( selection, insertionAnnotations ) ) {
			placeholder = '♙';
			if ( !insertionAnnotations.isEmpty() ) {
				placeholder = [placeholder, insertionAnnotations.getIndexes()];
			}
			// is this a slug and if so, is this a block slug?
			if ( slug && documentModel.data.isStructuralOffset( selection.start ) ) {
				range = new ve.Range( selection.start + 1, selection.start + 2 );
				data = [{ 'type' : 'paragraph' }, placeholder, { 'type' : '/paragraph' }];
			} else {
				range = new ve.Range( selection.start, selection.start + 1 );
				data = [placeholder];
			}
			this.model.change(
				ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
					this.documentView.model, selection.start, data
				),
				range
			);
			this.surfaceObserver.clear();
		}
	}

	this.surfaceObserver.stop( true );
};

/**
 * Handle enter key down events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Enter key down event
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.handleEnter = function ( e ) {
	var tx, outerParent, outerChildrenCount, list,
		selection = this.model.getSelection(),
		documentModel = this.model.getDocument(),
		emptyParagraph = [{ 'type': 'paragraph' }, { 'type': '/paragraph' }],
		advanceCursor = true,
		node = this.documentView.getNodeFromOffset( selection.from ),
		nodeModel = node.getModel(),
		cursor = selection.from,
		contentBranchModel = nodeModel.isContent() ? nodeModel.getParent() : nodeModel,
		contentBranchModelRange = contentBranchModel.getRange(),
		stack = [],
		outermostNode = null;

	// Stop polling while we work
	this.surfaceObserver.stop();

	// Handle removal first
	if ( selection.from !== selection.to ) {
		tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( documentModel, selection );
		selection = tx.translateRange( selection );
		this.model.change( tx, selection );
	}

	// Handle insertion
	if (
		contentBranchModel.getType() !== 'paragraph' &&
		(
			cursor === contentBranchModelRange.from ||
			cursor === contentBranchModelRange.to
		)
	) {
		// If we're at the start/end of something that's not a paragraph, insert a paragraph
		// before/after
		if ( cursor === contentBranchModelRange.from ) {
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
				documentModel, contentBranchModel.getOuterRange().from, emptyParagraph
			);
		} else if ( cursor === contentBranchModelRange.to ) {
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
				documentModel, contentBranchModel.getOuterRange().to, emptyParagraph
			);
		}
	} else if ( e.shiftKey && contentBranchModel.hasSignificantWhitespace() ) {
		// Insert newline
		tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion( documentModel, selection.from, '\n' );
	} else {
		// Split
		node.traverseUpstream( function ( node ) {
			if ( !node.canBeSplit() ) {
				return false;
			}
			stack.splice(
				stack.length / 2,
				0,
				{ 'type': '/' + node.type },
				node.model.getClonedElement()
			);
			outermostNode = node;
			if ( e.shiftKey ) {
				return false;
			} else {
				return true;
			}
		} );

		outerParent = outermostNode.getModel().getParent();
		outerChildrenCount = outerParent.getChildren().length;

		if (
			// This is a list item
			outermostNode.type === 'listItem' &&
			// This is the last list item
			outerParent.getChildren()[outerChildrenCount - 1] === outermostNode.getModel() &&
			// There is one child
			outermostNode.children.length === 1 &&
			// The child is empty
			node.model.length === 0
		) {
			// Enter was pressed in an empty list item.
			list = outermostNode.getModel().getParent();
			if ( list.getChildren().length === 1 ) {
				// The list item we're about to remove is the only child of the list
				// Remove the list
				tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval(
					documentModel, list.getOuterRange()
				);
			} else {
				// Remove the list item
				tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval(
					documentModel, outermostNode.getModel().getOuterRange()
				);
				this.model.change( tx );
				selection = tx.translateRange( selection );
				// Insert a paragraph
				tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
					documentModel, list.getOuterRange().to, emptyParagraph
				);
			}
			advanceCursor = false;
		} else {
			// We must process the transaction first because getRelativeContentOffset can't help us
			// yet
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion( documentModel, selection.from, stack );
		}
	}

	// Commit the transaction
	this.model.change( tx );
	selection = tx.translateRange( selection );

	// Now we can move the cursor forward
	if ( advanceCursor ) {
		this.model.change(
			null, new ve.Range( documentModel.data.getRelativeContentOffset( selection.from, 1 ) )
		);
	} else {
		this.model.change(
			null, new ve.Range( documentModel.data.getNearestContentOffset( selection.from ) )
		);
	}
	// Reset and resume polling
	this.surfaceObserver.clear();
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
};

/**
 * Handle delete and backspace key down events.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery.Event} e Delete key down event
 * @param {boolean} backspace Key was a backspace
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.handleDelete = function ( e, backspace ) {
	var sourceOffset, targetOffset, sourceSplitableNode, targetSplitableNode, tx, cursorAt,
		sourceNode, targetNode, sourceData, nodeToDelete, adjacentData, adjacentText, adjacentChar,
		adjacentTextAfterMatch, endOffset, i, containsComplexElements = false,
		selection = this.model.getSelection();

	if ( selection.isCollapsed() ) {
		// Set source and target linmod offsets
		if ( backspace ) {
			sourceOffset = selection.to;
			targetOffset = this.getNearestCorrectOffset( sourceOffset - 1, -1 );

			// At the beginning of the document - don't do anything and preventDefault
			if ( sourceOffset === targetOffset ) {
				e.preventDefault();
				return;
			}

		} else {
			sourceOffset = this.model.getDocument().data.getRelativeContentOffset( selection.to, 1 );
			targetOffset = selection.to;

			// At the end of the document - don't do anything and preventDefault
			if ( sourceOffset <= targetOffset ) {
				e.preventDefault();
				return;
			}
		}

		// Set source and target nodes
		sourceNode = this.documentView.getNodeFromOffset( sourceOffset, false ),
		targetNode = this.documentView.getNodeFromOffset( targetOffset, false );

		if ( sourceNode.type === targetNode.type ) {
			sourceSplitableNode = ve.ce.Node.getSplitableNode( sourceNode );
			targetSplitableNode = ve.ce.Node.getSplitableNode( targetNode );
		}
		//ve.log(sourceSplitableNode, targetSplitableNode);

		// Save target location of cursor
		cursorAt = targetOffset;

		// Get text from cursor location to end of node in the proper direction
		adjacentData = null;
		adjacentText = '';

		if ( backspace ) {
			adjacentData = sourceNode.model.doc.data.slice(
				sourceNode.model.getOffset() + ( sourceNode.model.isWrapped() ? 1 : 0 ) ,
				sourceOffset
			);
		} else {
			endOffset = targetNode.model.getOffset() +
				targetNode.model.getLength() +
				( targetNode.model.isWrapped() ? 1 : 0 );
			adjacentData = targetNode.model.doc.data.slice( targetOffset, endOffset );
		}

		for ( i = 0; i < adjacentData.length; i++ ) {
			if ( adjacentData[i].type !== undefined ) {
				containsComplexElements = true;
				break;
			}
			adjacentChar = ve.isArray( adjacentData[i] ) ? adjacentData[i][0] : adjacentData[i];
			if ( adjacentChar.length > 1 ) {
				containsComplexElements = true;
				break;
			}
			adjacentText += adjacentChar;
		}

		if ( !containsComplexElements ) {
			adjacentTextAfterMatch = adjacentText.match( this.constructor.static.textPattern );
			// If there are "normal" characters in the adjacent text let the browser handle natively
			if ( adjacentTextAfterMatch !== null && adjacentTextAfterMatch.length ) {
				return;
			}
		}

		ve.log('handleDelete programatically');
		e.preventDefault();
		this.surfaceObserver.stop();

		if (
			// Source and target are the same node
			sourceNode === targetNode ||
			(
				// Source and target have the same parent (list items)
				sourceSplitableNode !== undefined &&
				sourceSplitableNode.getParent() === targetSplitableNode.getParent()
			)
		) {
			// Simple removal
			tx = ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval(
				this.documentView.model, new ve.Range( targetOffset, sourceOffset )
			);
			this.model.change( tx, new ve.Range( cursorAt ) );
		} else if ( sourceNode.getType() === 'document' ) {
			// Source is a slug - move the cursor somewhere useful
			this.model.change( null, new ve.Range( cursorAt ) );
		} else {
			// Source and target are different nodes or do not share a parent, perform tricky merge
			// Get the data for the source node
			sourceData = this.documentView.model.getData( sourceNode.model.getRange() );

			// Find the node that should be completely removed
			nodeToDelete = sourceNode;
			nodeToDelete.traverseUpstream( function ( node ) {
				if ( node.getParent().children.length === 1 ) {
					nodeToDelete = node.getParent();
					return true;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			} );

			this.model.change(
				[
					// Remove source node or source node ancestor
					ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval(
						this.documentView.model, nodeToDelete.getModel().getOuterRange()
					),
					// Append source data to target
					ve.dm.Transaction.newFromInsertion(
						this.documentView.model, targetOffset, sourceData
					)
				],
				new ve.Range( cursorAt )
			);
		}
	} else {
		// Selection removal
		ve.log('selection removal - handle programatically');
		e.preventDefault();
		this.model.change(
			ve.dm.Transaction.newFromRemoval( this.documentView.model, selection ),
			new ve.Range( selection.start )
		);
	}

	this.surfaceObserver.clear();
	this.surfaceObserver.start();
};

/**
 * Show selection on a range.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.Range} range Range to show selection on
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.showSelection = function ( range ) {
	var start, end,
		rangySel = rangy.getSelection( this.$document[0] ),
		rangyRange = rangy.createRange( this.$document[0] );

	// Ensure the range we are asking to select is from and to correct offsets - failure to do so
	// may cause getNodeAndOffset to throw an exception
	range = new ve.Range(
		this.getNearestCorrectOffset( range.from, -1 ),
		this.getNearestCorrectOffset( range.to, 1 )
	);

	if ( !range.isCollapsed() ) {
		start = this.documentView.getNodeAndOffset( range.start );
		end = this.documentView.getNodeAndOffset( range.end );
		rangyRange.setStart( start.node, start.offset );
		rangyRange.setEnd( end.node, end.offset );
		rangySel.removeAllRanges();
		rangySel.addRange( rangyRange, range.start !== range.from );
	} else {
		start = this.documentView.getNodeAndOffset( range.start );
		rangyRange.setStart( start.node, start.offset );
		rangySel.setSingleRange( rangyRange );
	}
};

/**
 * Append passed phantoms to phantoms container after emptying it first.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {jQuery} $phantoms Phantoms to append
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.replacePhantoms = function ( $phantoms ) {
	this.$phantoms.empty().append( $phantoms );
};

/*! Helpers */

/**
 * Get the nearest offset that a cursor can be placed at.
 *
 * TODO: Find a better name and a better place for this method
 *
 * @method
 * @param {number} offset Offset to start looking at
 * @param {number} [direction=-1] Direction to look in, +1 or -1
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getNearestCorrectOffset = function ( offset, direction ) {
	var contentOffset, structuralOffset;

	direction = direction > 0 ? 1 : -1;
	if (
		this.documentView.model.data.isContentOffset( offset ) ||
		this.hasSlugAtOffset( offset )
	) {
		return offset;
	}

	contentOffset = this.documentView.model.data.getNearestContentOffset( offset, direction );
	structuralOffset =
		this.documentView.model.data.getNearestStructuralOffset( offset, direction, true );

	if ( !this.hasSlugAtOffset( structuralOffset ) ) {
		return contentOffset;
	}

	if ( direction === 1 ) {
		if ( contentOffset < offset ) {
			return structuralOffset;
		} else {
			return Math.min( contentOffset, structuralOffset );
		}
	} else {
		if ( contentOffset > offset ) {
			return structuralOffset;
		} else {
			return Math.max( contentOffset, structuralOffset );
		}
	}
};

/**
 * Check if an offset is inside a slug.
 *
 * TODO: Find a better name and a better place for this method - probably in a document view?
 *
 * @method
 * @param {number} offset Offset to check for a slug at
 * @returns {boolean} A slug exists at the given offset
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.hasSlugAtOffset = function ( offset ) {
	return !!this.documentView.getSlugAtOffset( offset );
};

/**
 * Get the number of consecutive clicks the user has performed.
 *
 * This is required for supporting double, tripple, etc. clicking across all browsers.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {Event} e Native event object
 * @returns {number} Number of clicks detected
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getClickCount = function ( e ) {
	if ( !$.browser.msie ) {
		return e.detail;
	}

	var i, response = 1;

	// Add select MouseEvent properties to the beginning of the clickHistory
	this.clickHistory.unshift( {
		x: e.x,
		y: e.y,
		timeStamp: e.timeStamp
	} );

	// Compare history
	if ( this.clickHistory.length > 1 ) {
		for ( i = 0; i < this.clickHistory.length - 1; i++ ) {
			if (
				this.clickHistory[i].x === this.clickHistory[i + 1].x &&
				this.clickHistory[i].y === this.clickHistory[i + 1].y &&
				this.clickHistory[i].timeStamp - this.clickHistory[i + 1].timeStamp < 500
			) {
				response++;
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// Trim old history if necessary
	if ( this.clickHistory.length > 2 ) {
		this.clickHistory.pop();
	}

	return response;
};

/**
 * Checks if related annotationSet matches insertionAnnotations.
 *
 * "Related" is typically to the left, unless at the beginning of a node.
 *
 * @method
 * @param {ve.Range} selection
 * @returns {ve.dm.AnnotationSet} insertionAnnotations
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.areAnnotationsCorrect = function ( selection, insertionAnnotations ) {
	var documentModel = this.model.documentModel;

	// Take annotations from the left
	if (
		selection.start > 0 &&
		!documentModel.data.getAnnotationsFromOffset( selection.start - 1 ).compareTo( insertionAnnotations )
	) {
		return false;
	}
	// At the beginning of a node, take from the right
	if (
		rangy.getSelection( this.$document[0] ).anchorOffset === 0 &&
		selection.start < this.model.getDocument().data.getLength() &&
		!documentModel.data.getAnnotationsFromOffset( selection.start + 1 ).compareTo( insertionAnnotations )
	) {
		return false;
	}
	return true;
};

/*! Getters */

/**
 * Get the top-level surface.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {ve.ui.Surface} Surface
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getSurface = function () {
	return this.surface;
};

/**
 * Get the surface model.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {ve.dm.Surface} Surface model
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getModel = function () {
	return this.model;
};

/**
 * Get the document view.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {ve.ce.Document} Document view
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getDocument = function () {
	return this.documentView;
};

/**
 * Get the currently focused node.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {ve.ce.Node|undefined} Focused node
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.getFocusedNode = function () {
	return this.focusedNode;
};

/**
 * Check if rendering is enabled.
 *
 * @method
 * @returns {boolean} Render is enabled
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.isRenderingEnabled = function () {
	return this.renderingEnabled;
};

/**
 * Enable rendering.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.enableRendering = function () {
	this.renderingEnabled = true;
};

/**
 * Disable rendering.
 *
 * @method
 */
ve.ce.Surface.prototype.disableRendering = function () {
	this.renderingEnabled = false;
};