diff --git a/tests/ve2/dm/ve.dm.Transaction.test.js b/tests/ve2/dm/ve.dm.Transaction.test.js
index 997a9301d7..5c59b91839 100644
--- a/tests/ve2/dm/ve.dm.Transaction.test.js
+++ b/tests/ve2/dm/ve.dm.Transaction.test.js
@@ -1,88 +1,160 @@
 module( 've.dm.Transaction' );
 
 test( 've.dm.Transaction', function() {
-	var tx = new ve.dm.Transaction(), expectedOps = [], expectedLD = 0;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'New Transaction object has no operations' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'New Transaction object has length difference zero' );
+	var tx = new ve.dm.Transaction(),
+		ops = [],
+		diff = 0;
+
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'new transactions have no operations' );
+	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), diff, 'new transactions have zero length difference' );
 	
+	// Retain
 	tx.pushRetain( 5 );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'retain', 'length': 5 } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushRetain adds a retain operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Retain operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'retain', 'length': 5 } );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushRetain adds a retain operation' );
+	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), diff, 'pushRetain does not change length difference' );
 	
+	// Multiple retain
 	tx.pushRetain( 3 );
-	expectedOps[expectedOps.length - 1].length += 3;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive retain operations are combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive retain operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops[ops.length - 1].length += 3;
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getOperations(),
+		ops,
+		'successive pushRetain calls grow last retain operation instead of adding a new one'
+	);
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'successive retain operations do not change length difference'
+	);
 	
+	// Insert
 	var abcParagraph = [ { 'type': 'paragraph' }, 'a', 'b', 'c', { 'type': '/paragraph' } ];
 	tx.pushInsert( abcParagraph );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'insert', 'data': abcParagraph } );
-	expectedLD += abcParagraph.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushInsert adds an insert operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'pushInsert updates the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'insert', 'data': abcParagraph } );
+	diff += abcParagraph.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushInsert adds an insert operation' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'pushInsert increases the length difference correctly'
+	);
 	
+	// Multiple insert
 	var deParagraph = [ { 'type': 'paragraph' }, 'd', 'e', { 'type': '/paragraph' } ];
 	tx.pushInsert( deParagraph );
-	expectedOps[expectedOps.length - 1].data = expectedOps[expectedOps.length - 1].data.concat( deParagraph );
-	expectedLD += deParagraph.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive insert operations are combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive insert operations update the length difference correctly' );
+	ops[ops.length - 1].data = ops[ops.length - 1].data.concat( deParagraph );
+	diff += deParagraph.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'successive pushInsert calls are merged' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'Successive insert operations increase the length difference correctly'
+	);
 	
+	// Insert + Retain
 	tx.pushRetain( 3 );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'retain', 'length': 3 } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushRetain adds a retain operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Retain operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'retain', 'length': 3 } );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushRetain after pushInsert adds a retain operation' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'pushRetain after pushInsert does not change length difference'
+	);
 	
+	// Remove
 	var hi = [ 'h', 'i' ];
 	tx.pushRemove( hi );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'remove', 'data': hi } );
-	expectedLD -= hi.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushRemove adds a remove operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'pushRemove updates the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'remove', 'data': hi } );
+	diff -= hi.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushRemove adds a remove operation' );
+	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), diff, 'pushRemove decreases the length difference' );
 	
-	// This one is long on purpose, so the LD will drop below zero
+	// Multiple remove - this one is long on purpose, so the LD will drop below zero
 	var jklmnopq = [ 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q' ];
 	tx.pushRemove( jklmnopq );
-	expectedOps[expectedOps.length - 1].data = expectedOps[expectedOps.length - 1].data.concat( jklmnopq );
-	expectedLD -= jklmnopq.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive remove operations are combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive remove operations update the length difference correctly' );
+	ops[ops.length - 1].data = ops[ops.length - 1].data.concat( jklmnopq );
+	diff -= jklmnopq.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'successive remove operations are merged' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'successive remove operations decrease the length difference correctly'
+	);
 	
+	// Replace
 	var rst = [ 'r', 's', 't' ], R = [ 'R' ];
 	tx.pushReplace( rst, R );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'replace', 'remove': rst, 'replacement': R } );
-	expectedLD -= rst.length;
-	expectedLD += R.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushReplace adds a replace operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'pushReplace updates the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'replace', 'remove': rst, 'replacement': R } );
+	diff -= rst.length;
+	diff += R.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushReplace adds a replace operation' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'pushReplace change the length difference correctly'
+	);
 	
+	// Multiple replace
 	var uv = [ 'u', 'v' ], UVWUVWUV = [ 'U', 'V', 'W', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'U', 'V' ];
 	tx.pushReplace( uv, UVWUVWUV );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'replace', 'remove': uv, 'replacement': UVWUVWUV } );
-	expectedLD -= uv.length;
-	expectedLD += UVWUVWUV.length;
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive replace operations are NOT combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive replace operations update the length difference correctly' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'replace', 'remove': uv, 'replacement': UVWUVWUV } );
+	diff -= uv.length;
+	diff += UVWUVWUV.length;
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'successive replace operations are NOT merged' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'successive replace operations change the length difference correctly'
+	);
 	
+	// Replace attribute
 	tx.pushReplaceElementAttribute( 'style', 'bullet', 'number' );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'attribute', 'key': 'style', 'from': 'bullet', 'to': 'number' } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushReplaceElementAttribute adds an attribute operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Attribute operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'attribute', 'key': 'style', 'from': 'bullet', 'to': 'number' } );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushReplaceElementAttribute adds an attribute operation' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'attribute operations do not change the length difference'
+	);
 	
+	// Replace multiple attributes
 	tx.pushReplaceElementAttribute( 'level', 2, 3 );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'attribute', 'key': 'level', 'from': 2, 'to': 3 } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive attribute operations are NOT combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive attribute operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( { 'type': 'attribute', 'key': 'level', 'from': 2, 'to': 3 } );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'successive attribute operations are NOT merged' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'successive attribute operations do not change the length difference'
+	);
 	
+	// Annotation
 	tx.pushStartAnnotating( 'set', { 'type': 'textStyle/bold' } );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'annotate', 'method': 'set', 'bias': 'start', 'annotation': { 'type': 'textStyle/bold' } } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'pushStartAnnotating adds an annotate operation' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Annotate operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( {
+		'type': 'annotate',
+		'method': 'set',
+		'bias': 'start',
+		'annotation': { 'type': 'textStyle/bold' }
+	} );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'pushStartAnnotating adds an annotate operation' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'annotate operations do not change the length difference'
+	);
 	
+	// Multiple annotations
 	tx.pushStartAnnotating( 'clear', { 'type': 'textStyle/italic' } );
-	expectedOps.push( { 'type': 'annotate', 'method': 'clear', 'bias': 'start', 'annotation': { 'type': 'textStyle/italic' } } );
-	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), expectedOps, 'Successive annotate operations are combined into one' );
-	deepEqual( tx.getLengthDifference(), expectedLD, 'Successive annotate operations do not affect the length difference' );
+	ops.push( {
+		'type': 'annotate',
+		'method': 'clear',
+		'bias': 'start',
+		'annotation': { 'type': 'textStyle/italic' }
+	} );
+	deepEqual( tx.getOperations(), ops, 'successive annotate operations are combined into one' );
+	deepEqual(
+		tx.getLengthDifference(),
+		diff,
+		'successive annotate operations do not change the length difference'
+	);
 } );
-