SPDX released version 3 of their license list (<https://spdx.org/licenses/>),
which changed the FSF licenses to explicitly end in -only or -or-later
instead of relying on an easy to miss + symbol.
Bug: T183858
Change-Id: Ifa6b2480400a161fd931a4ab456c0dcaa809459e
Also update MathCaptcha so that it works with recent versions of
Math (and breaks with old ones). Also fix MathCaptcha API output,
which used to send the question in plaintext.
Bug: T110302
Change-Id: I0da671a546700110d789b79a3089460abd9cce3b
Depends-On: I8b52ec8ddf494f23941807638f149f15b5e46b0c
Remove the styling module from mobile, it's not needed (anymore).
Depends on: Iaff53c40c8c5
Bug: T87256
Change-Id: Iad604a3770c5d62e1d9bd06c0eb1f333a9415799
